Introduction
Convexity is a modern, general-purpose energy systems modelling desktop application developed by Bayesian Energy. It can support flexible spatial and temporal modelling, even at high-resolutions. It can be used for both short-term operational simulation to long-term planning.
Convexity is built on top of the Python framework for Power Systems Analysis (PyPSA) library, which means that it can support a variety of optimisation algorithms out of the box. These include:
Economic Dispatch (ED): Models short-term market-based dispatch including unit commitment (either with integer variables as MILP or in a relaxed approximation as LP), renewable availability, short-duration and seasonal storage including hydro reservoirs with inflow and spillage dynamics, elastic demands, load shedding and conversion between energy carriers, using either perfect operational foresight or rolling horizon time resolution.
Linear Optimal Power Flow (LOPF): Extends economic dispatch to determine the least-cost dispatch while respecting network constraints in meshed AC-DC networks, using a linearised representation of power flow (KVL, KCL) with optional loss approximations.
Capacity Expansion Planning (CEP): Supports least-cost long-term system planning with investment decisions for generation, storage, conversion, and transmission infrastructure. Handles both single and multiple investment periods. Continuous and discrete investments are supported.
Pathway Planning: Supports co-optimisation of multiple investment periods to plan energy system transitions over time with perfect planning foresight.
Policy Constraints: Built-in support for policy constraints such as CO2 emission limits and pricing, subsidies, resource limits, expansion limits, and growth limits. Extendable by custom constraints.
Custom Constraints: Users can impose own objectives, variables and constraints, such as policy constraints or technical requirements, using Linopy.
Solver Flexibility: Supports a wide range of LP, MILP, and QP solvers from open-source solutions (e.g. HiGHS, SCIP) to commercial products (e.g. Gurobi, COPT).